BSG/BASL Consensus Document: Palliative long-term abdominal drains for the management of refractory ascites due to cirrhosis

Palliative care remains suboptimal in advanced cirrhosis, in part relating to a lack of evidence-based interventions. Ascites remains the most common cirrhosis complication resulting in hospitalisation. Many patients with refractory ascites are not candidates for liver transplantation or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, and therefore, require recurrent palliative large volume paracentesis in hospital. We review the available evidence on use of palliative long-term abdominal drains in cirrhosis. Pending results of a national trial (REDUCe 2) and consistent with recently published national and American guidance, long-term abdominal drains cannot be regarded as standard of care in advanced cirrhosis. They should instead be considered only on a case-by-case basis, pending definitive evidence. This manuscript provides consensus to help standardise use of long-term abdominal drains in cirrhosis including patient selection and community management. Our ultimate aim remains to improve palliative care for this under researched and vulnerable cohort.

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Position Statements
Liver
BSG position statement on the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease practice guidance on risk stratification and management of portal hypertension and varices in cirrhosis
clinical-resource/BSG-AASLD-position-statement-cirrhosis
The British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) recognises that the current UK guideline on the management of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients (2015) requires updating.

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Clinical Resources
Allurion Gastric Balloon: Updated safety information due to the risks of gastric outlet obstruction, small bowel obstruction and gastric perforation (DSI/2026/004)
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In rare instances, the Allurion Gastric Balloon has not transited through the stomach or bowel as intended, leading to complications.