Palliative care remains suboptimal in advanced cirrhosis, in part relating to a lack of evidence-based interventions. Ascites remains the most common cirrhosis complication resulting in hospitalisation. Many patients with refractory ascites are not candidates for liver transplantation or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, and therefore, require recurrent palliative large volume paracentesis in hospital. We review the available evidence on use of palliative long-term abdominal drains in cirrhosis. Pending results of a national trial (REDUCe 2) and consistent with recently published national and American guidance, long-term abdominal drains cannot be regarded as standard of care in advanced cirrhosis. They should instead be considered only on a case-by-case basis, pending definitive evidence. This manuscript provides consensus to help standardise use of long-term abdominal drains in cirrhosis including patient selection and community management. Our ultimate aim remains to improve palliative care for this under researched and vulnerable cohort.
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Clinical Resources
Guidance
Small Bowel and Nutrition
BAPEN Position Statement on Electrolyte and Vitamin Replacement in Adult patients with severe malnutrition, including people with Eating Disorders and other conditions who are undergoing refeeding
clinical-resource/BAPEN-Electrolyte-Vitamin-Replacement
This guidance has been endorsed by the BSG, and was published in 2025.

Clinical Resources Categories
Liver
Venesection treatment in haemochromatosis – current best practice from the BSG/BASL Special Interest Group
clinical-resource/Venesection-treatment-in-haemochromatosis