Updates in the management of Non Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Learning points: Refer to guidelines which give guidance and form a checklist, assessment of what to do before, during and after endoscopic procedures for non variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding, if nothing works post endoscopic treatment refer to interventional radiology therapy

Abnormal LFTs in Pregnancy

Bile Salt Malabsorption

Learning points: Look for iatrogenic causes (Metformin), future role for non-invasive diagnostic markers, Bile Acid Malabsorption may co-exist with other GI conditions

Endoscopic diagnosis of early upper gastrointestinal neoplasia

Learning points: All gastroscopies are an opportunity to look for pre-malignant/early malignant changes, biopsy any suspicious lesions

Non Alcoholic Fatty liver Disease: A practical approach to diagnosis and management

Learning points: NAFLD is the leading cause of liver disease and increasingly liver cancer, early identification of those at risk can prevent the progression to cirrhosis, lifestyle modification is the cornerstone of management

Reducing colorectal cancer risk in IBD

Learning points: Managing inflammation aggressively reduces colorectal cancer risk, surveillance is required, especially in high-risk groups, high quality histopathology services are required to support clinical decisions

Updates in eosinophilic oesophagitis

Learning Points: PPIs help alleviate symptoms in up to half of all patients, Jorvesa and Dupilumab are effective medical therapies in the treatment of eosinophilic oesophagitis, monoclonal antibodies should be reserved for those who are refractory to standard therapy

Colorectal cancer screening: an international perspective

Learning Points: FIT tests used to triage patients for colonoscopy screening, ensure that there is sufficient therapeutic skills to deal with pathology encountered, ensure there is a multi disciplinary team including histopathology, surgery, and oncology

Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency

Learning Points: PEI is associated with malnutrition, quality of life and survival, the most appropriate diagnostic test depends on the clinical setting and availability of resources, educating patients on the use of PERT is essential

COVID-19 and its impact on the GI tract

Learning Points: COVID-19 can cause multiple GI symptoms, GI symptoms associated with COVID-19 can occur in the absence of respiratory symptoms, post COVID-19 functional disorders may emerge in the future

Diagnosing and managing constipation

Learning Points: Thorough history, including past therapies, examination, including a rectal examination, treatment targeted at the 'contents', 'container', or 'controller' Consider re-visiting and optimising previous strategies